For decades, electrical conductivity in electronics manufacturing has been dominated by metal-based systems, particularly silver and copper. While these materials offer excellent conductivity, they also introduce significant challenges: high cost, susceptibility to fatigue under bending,…
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For decades, electrical conductivity in electronics has been almost synonymous with metals—particularly silver, copper, and gold. However, as electronics evolve toward flexibility, sustainability, cost efficiency, and low-temperature processing, metal-based systems are no longer the only—or…
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Electronics manufacturing is undergoing a profound transformation. As devices become lighter, thinner, flexible, and increasingly integrated into everyday objects, traditional fabrication techniques—such as photolithography, etching, and high-temperature soldering—are proving to be too rigid, costly, and…
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Modern electronics are no longer dominated solely by rigid silicon boards and high-temperature assembly lines. Instead, today’s devices increasingly rely on thin, lightweight, flexible, and hybrid material systems. Wearable electronics, flexible sensors, medical diagnostic devices,…
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As electronic devices become smaller, thinner, more flexible, and more thermally sensitive, traditional joining technologies such as soldering are increasingly reaching their practical limits. High reflow temperatures, thermal stress, and incompatibility with polymers or organic…
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As modern electronic and electromechanical systems continue to operate under increasingly demanding conditions, the limitations of conventional soldering and metallization technologies have become more apparent. Power electronics, high-voltage capacitors, advanced ceramics, automotive electronics, aerospace systems,…
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In modern materials engineering, the most valuable materials are often not those with exotic chemistry, but those that solve multiple industrial problems simultaneously. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) is a prime example of such a material. Known…
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In an era dominated by advanced alloys, composites, and nanostructured materials, molybdenum (Mo) continues to occupy a critical position among refractory metals. Despite being discovered over two centuries ago, molybdenum remains indispensable in modern industry…
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Why the Production Route Defines TEPA-rGO Performance In functional carbon materials, performance is not determined by composition alone, but by how that composition is created. This is especially true for amine-enriched reduced graphene oxide (TEPA-rGO),…
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Introduction: Why Functionalized Graphene Matters More Than Ever Graphene and its derivatives have redefined how scientists and engineers think about carbon-based materials. Among these derivatives, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) occupies a special position because it…
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